Nelson mandela definition ap world history



AP World Chapter 34



Term

Definition



Bangladesh

formerly East Pakistan; after a civil war became independent in 1972.



Indira Gandhi

Prime Minister of India (r. 1966–1977, 1980–1984); daughter of former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru; dominated Indian politics for several decades.



Corazon Aquino

president of Philippines (r. 1986–1992).



Jawaharal Nehru

one of Gandhi’s disciples; governed India after independence (1947); committed to program of social reform and economic development; preserved civil rights and democracy.



Benazir Bhutto

Prime Minister of Pakistan, (r. 1988–1990, 1993–1996).



religious revivalism

an approach to religious belief and practice that stresses the literal interpretation of texts sacred to the religion in question and the application of their precepts to all aspects of social life.



primary products

food or industrial crops with a high demand in industrialized economies; their prices tend to fluctuate widely.



neocolonial economy

industrialized nation’s continued dominance of the world economy, despite the absence of direct political control over the non-industrialized world.



Gamal Abdul Nasser

member of the Free Officers

AP World History Chapter 22 Flashcards



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Decolonization

Decolonization (US) or decolonisation (UK) is the undoing of colonialism, where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over dependent territories.

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Indian National Congress

From its foundation on 28 December 1885 until the time of independence of India on 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence Movement.

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Mahatma Gandhi/satyagraha

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the preeminent leader of Indian independence movement in British-ruled India.

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Muslim League

The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established in the early years of the 20th century in the Indian Empire.

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Gujarati: _____, Urdu: _____ was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.

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Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, nicknamed as Bacha Khan, Pacha Khan, or Badshah Khan, was a Pashtun independence activist against the rule of the B

Fall of Apartheid and Nelson Mandela




 



 
 





Topics on the page



 



The Apartheid System


   
 -Pre- apartheid racism in South Africa



     -Apartheid definition and outlines



     -Apartheid laws




 


Anti-Apartheid Movements



     -Forward to Freedom



     -Anti- Apartheid Act 1986



     -First All Race Elections 1994



 


Nelson Mandela's Influence


 


1995 Rugby World Cup


 


Women of the Apartheid


 
   -Winnie Mandela



     -Women in General


 

 

 

 


The Apartheid System





Focus Question: What was the system of apartheid in South Africa?



 



An 
apartheid
, by definition, is the discriminatory and segregationist practices on the basis of race, which is entrenched in and protected by policy and systemic oppression
.

The origins of the word referred to the political suppression and economic control imposed by the white minority in South Africa and was literally instituted into the political structures via enactments of apartheid laws i

Apartheid



Resistance to apartheid within South Africa took many forms over the years, from non-violent demonstrations, protests and strikes to political action and eventually to armed resistance.



Together with the South Indian National Congress, the ANC organized a mass meeting in 1952, during which attendees burned their pass books. A group calling itself the Congress of the People adopted a Freedom Charter in 1955 asserting that “South Africa belongs to all who live in it, Black or white.” The government broke up the meeting and arrested 150 people, charging them with high treason.


Sharpeville Massacre


In 1960, at the Black township of Sharpeville, the police opened fire on a group of unarmed Black people associated with the Pan-African Congress (PAC), an offshoot of the ANC. The group had arrived at the police station without passes, inviting arrest as an act of resistance. At least 67 people were killed and more than 180 wounded.



The Sharpeville massacre convinced many anti-apartheid leaders that they could not achieve their objectives by peaceful means, and both the PAC and ANC established military wings, neither of which ever posed a serious military threat to