Perestroika ap world history definition
key term - Perestroika
Definition
Perestroika, meaning 'restructuring' in Russian, refers to the political and economic reforms introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s aimed at revitalizing the Soviet Union's stagnant economy and making its political system more transparent. These reforms sought to introduce elements of market economics and reduce the strict controls of the communist regime, leading to greater openness and ultimately contributing to the end of the Cold War.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Perestroika was officially launched in 1985 as part of Gorbachev's broader agenda to reform Soviet society and economy, which had been struggling under central planning.
The reforms included decentralizing economic control, allowing private ownership, and encouraging foreign investment, which were radical shifts from traditional Soviet practices.
The push for greater openness under glasnost allowed citizens to express dissent and critique the government, leading to a rise in public activism and a demand for political freedoms.
The implementation of perestroika faced significant resistance from hardline communists within the Soviet gov
AP World History: Modern Glossary
abacus
An ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters.
absolute monarchy
Rule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution.
Afrikaners
South Africans descended from the Dutch who settled in South Africa in the seventeenth century.
age grade
An age group into which children were placed in Bantu societies of early sub-Saharan Africa; children within the age grade were given responsibilities and privileges suitable for their age and in this manner were prepared for adult responsibilities.
Agricultural Revolution
The transition from foraging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000–2000 BCE; also known as the Neolithic Revolution.
Allah
The god of the Muslims; Arabic word for “god.”
Alliance for Progress
A program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for a pledge to establish democratic institutions; part of U.S. President Kennedy’s international program.
Allied Powers
In World War I, the nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the
key term - Perestroika
Definition
Perestroika, meaning 'restructuring' in Russian, was a political movement initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s aimed at reforming the stagnant economy and political system of the Soviet Union. This policy sought to introduce elements of capitalism and decentralization within a socialist framework, ultimately leading to significant changes in governance and society, and played a crucial role in ending the Cold War.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Perestroika was introduced alongside Glasnost, both policies aimed at transforming Soviet society and politics during Gorbachev's leadership.
Gorbachev's reforms faced resistance from hardline Communist Party members who feared losing power and control over the economy.
As economic reforms were implemented, many industries struggled to adapt, leading to shortages and increased dissatisfaction among citizens.
The impact of Perestroika extended beyond the Soviet Union, inspiring reform movements in Eastern Europe, contributing to the fall of communist governments in countries like Poland and East Germany.
The failure to fully implement effective reforms under
Unit 6 AP World History Set Flashcards
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Communism
A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
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Marxism
The political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism.
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Fascism
Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy, corruption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; undertook state control of the economy to reduce social friction.
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Mohandas Ghandhi
(1869-1948) Led sustained campaign for independence from British Empire after World War 1; stressed nonviolent but agressive mass protest.
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Adolf Hitler
Nazi leader of facist Germany from 1933 to his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany; eliminated all rivals; launched Germany on aggressive forign policy leading to World War II; responsible for genocide